The Role of Nike Black and White Hi Tops in Skate Culture
Intro
When it comes to skating, having the right gear is as vital as knowing the tricks. Among the myriad choices available, Nike black and white hi tops stand tall as a staple in the skate community. Designed not just for aesthetics, these shoes offer significant functionality that resonates through both professional and amateur circles. As we delve into their journey, we will explore how these sneakers weave through the fabric of skate culture, bridging the gap between high performance and instant style.
The black and white colorway isn't merely a trivial choice—it's a visual statement that speaks volumes. These colors symbolize the classic, edgy vibe that many skaters aspire to project. Most importantly, Nike’s innovation in sneaker technology breathes life into these shoes, making them a preferred choice for those grinding and flipping on a board. Their design evolution—a reflection of changing skateboarding trends—has not only catered to utility but also embraced fashion, proving that these shoes can keep pace with the rapidly shifting landscape that is skate culture.
From flashy tricks to casual hangouts, these hi tops have become synonymous with a lifestyle. In the sections that follow, we will discuss not only the functional features of these shoes but also their broader cultural impact. Skaters, hobbyists, and instructors alike will find valuable insights that bridge the gap between skill mastery and sneaker style.
Techniques and Skills
Essential Tricks for Beginners
Before one can truly appreciate the versatility of the Nike hi tops, a skater must first conquer the essentials. Ollies, kickflips, and shuvits represent the foundation of skateboarding skills that beginners must master. These tricks not only enhance a skater’s repertoire but also test their footwear's grip and durability—qualities where Nike excels.
When practicing these essential tricks, skaters should wear their hi tops snugly for better ankle support. A good base is crucial, especially for ollies, where one needs to jump effectively while keeping the board close.
Advanced Techniques for Pros
Once a skater has the basics down, the transition to advanced maneuvers is inevitable. Tricks like tre flips, grinds, and nose slides require not only technical skill but also the right footwear to handle the pressure of executing complex rotations and slides. The cushioning and grip provided by Nike hi tops help maintain stability during these high-stakes moves.
Skaters often dress for success, but with shoes like these, they are dressed to perform. The right shoes can make a significant difference, especially when landing those hard-earned flip tricks.
Skateboarding Culture
The Evolution of Skateboarding
As we trace back skateboarding's evolution, it's evident that the sport has morphed significantly since its inception. From simple wooden planks used on empty roads to tricked-out boards that defy physics, the gear—especially footwear—has had to evolve alongside. Nike, a key player in this evolution, has adjusted its designs over the years to meet the changing demands of skaters.
The advent of street skating brought forth a need for more durable footwear, leading to the rise of high tops that provide both ankle support and board feel. Current trends continue to see the melding of fashion and functionality, making the black and white hi tops a perfect example of how skate culture informs design.
Influential Skateboarders and Their Impact
In the realm of skateboarding, certain individuals stand out, leaving a mark not just on the skatepark but also in the world of fashion. Skaters like Paul Rodriguez and Nyjah Huston have donned Nike footwear, influencing countless young skaters to follow suit. Their choices echo throughout the community, as skateboarders everywhere aspire to replicate their style while embracing the tools they use. This symbiotic relationship between skaters and their shoes reflects a deeper connection—one that binds performance with the fabric of identity within the sport.
Skaters often champion brands that resonate with their personal aesthetics, and Nike black and white hi tops have become an emblem of this intersection between skill, culture, and expression.
In summary, the significance of Nike black and white hi tops extends beyond mere functionality. They symbolize the evolution of skate culture while embodying the blend of style and performance that modern skaters seek. Understanding this dimension can assist riders at all levels, opening new avenues for expression on and off the board.
Intro to Nike Black and White Hi Tops
In the realm of skateboarding, where the balance of style and functionality reigns supreme, the significance of the Nike black and white hi tops cannot be overstated. These shoes are not merely a footnote in the history of skate culture; they are a major chapter in its ongoing story. The distinctive design and color scheme of these kicks has made them a staple not just on skateboards, but as lifestyle footwear that resonates with a vast audience from younger skaters to seasoned pros.
The allure of the black and white colorway lies in its versatility. It can seamlessly fit into any outfit, making it a favorite among skaters who take their fashion as seriously as their tricks. Beyond mere aesthetics, this pairing of colors has historically represented a blend of rebellion and creativity — two core tenets of skate culture. Wearing these shoes often feels like donning a badge of honor, signaling one’s connection to a gritty yet vibrant community.
The functionality of these hi tops also deserves mention. They’re more than just eye candy; features like ankle support and cushioning play pivotal roles in the dynamic world of skateboarding. For a skater, a reliable pair of shoes is as essential as a well-maintained board. When a skater feels secure in their footwear, it allows for pushing boundaries and trying new tricks without the constant fear of injury.
Moreover, the adoption of these hi tops extends beyond personal use. They frequently grace skate videos and competitions, weaving into the very fabric of skateboarding's visual identity. It’s not uncommon to see riders in photos or on social media, proud to showcase their Nike hi tops in the midst of a daring maneuver or even simply chilling at the skateboard park.
"In skateboarding, your shoes can define your style and your journey. Nike black and white hi tops have become synonymous with that identity."
For enthusiasts and casual lovers of the sport alike, understanding the role of these hi tops is crucial. They embody a fusion of performance dynamics and individual expression. As we delve deeper into this article, we will look at the broader history of Nike's entry into the skate culture, how design and performance elements contribute to their standing, and why they matter in the current trend in skate fashion.
In rehearsal of this narrative, we aim to reveal how Nike black and white hi tops have stood the test of time and continue to influence both new and seasoned skaters. The dance between aesthetics and functionality represents a delicate balance — one that encapsulates the essence of skateboarding itself.
Historical Context of Nike in Skateboarding
Understanding the historical context of Nike in the skateboarding world illuminates how the brand transitioned from athletics into a cultural phenomenon. Initially, Nike was primarily known for its performance footwear in running and basketball. The leap into skateboarding was more than just a business decision; it aptly showcased their adaptability and understanding of youth culture.
Nike's Entry into Skate Culture
When Nike first dipped its toes into skate culture in the late 1990s, it was a bold move. The brand wasn't considered a player in this arena, dominated by specialized skate companies like Vans and Converse. However, the tides began to shift when Nike realized that skateboarding was not just a sport but a lifestyle, deeply rooted in individuality and rebellion. This realization pushed the brand to adapt its marketing strategies to resonate with the skater community—not just as consumers but as a culture.
Some might say it was a case of playing catch up, while others argue it was a stroke of genius. Nike's strategy involved collaborating with well-known skaters. Notably, the launch of the Nike SB (Skateboarding) line in 2002 was a game changer. The infamous Dunk model was reimagined for the skate scene, combining style with function. This move garnered initial skepticism, yet that soon gave way to intrigue. With the right endorsements and targeted campaigns, Nike began to bridge the gap. Older skaters had reservations about the big brand's entry; however, younger skaters often viewed these products as the crown jewels of skate fashion.
A significant chunk of this segment's success can be attributed to its response to skater needs. The conversation wasn't merely about selling shoes. Nike was interested in understanding what skaters needed from their footwear. With their comprehensive research and athlete feedback, the features included new technologies and better materials became apparent in their designs.
Evolution of Skate Shoes
As Nike began to carve its niche, the evolution of skate shoes itself became crucial. Historically, skate shoes were designed with function at the forefront. They prioritized durability and grip but often sacrificed style. With Nike in the mix, there was a new push to blend aesthetics with performance.
In the early days, skate shoes had thick, cushioned soles aimed at shock absorption and, more importantly, to offer better grip on the skateboard. However, they were limited in their design appeal.
Nike changed that narrative by introducing models embedded with innovative lightweight materials that provided both the necessary support and a sleek look. The designs drew influence from the streetwear trend, resonating deeply with the identity of the skater community. Additionally, elements such as colorways—like the iconic black and white silhouette—became staples, appealing to the visual sensibilities of young skaters tired of the traditional.
By fostering collaborations with notable figures in skateboarding, the brand did not just sell shoes; it created a cultural shift. A generation grew up witnessing athletes like Paul Rodriguez and Eric Koston endorsing Nike, marrying the world of skateboarding with a brand known for forging paths in sports.
The growth in the skate shoe segment, enriched by Nike's innovation, not only benefited the brand financially but also revolutionized skate culture itself. Each shoe released served as a canvas for artistic expression and functional design—qualities that skaters now consider paramount.
Design Elements of Nike Black and White Hi Tops
When it comes to skateboarding, the shoes a skater chooses can make or break their performance. This is a vital reason why the design elements of Nike black and white hi tops are essential in this article. This section will delve into specific aspects such as materials, colorways, and special features that make these kicks a favorite among the skate community. Not only do these features impact functionality, they also enhance the style, making them a significant part of skate culture.
Materials and Construction
The materials used in the Nike black and white hi tops are more than just a choice in style; they serve practical purposes as well. The combination of leather and synthetic materials provides a balance between durability and comfort. Leather, while tougher and able to withstand the wear and tear of skateboarding, also requires a break-in period, molding to the skater's foot over time. Synthetic materials, on the other hand, often offer better flexibility and a lighter feel, making them perfect for tricks and jumps.
The construction of these shoes also plays a critical role in their performance. For instance, the stitched seams not only enhance longevity but also provide a clean aesthetic that appeals to skaters. Reinforced areas, like around the toe box, protect against scuffing during grinds, allowing skaters to push their limits without fear of damaging their footwear.
"The shoes you wear speak volumes about your skate style and where you belong in the culture."
Colorways and Aesthetic Choices
Nike has managed to capture the attention of skaters with its striking colorways and aesthetic choices in their black and white hi tops. The classic black and white palette stands as a versatile option that pairs well with nearly any outfit. Skaters appreciate this because it allows for personal expression without clashing with their individual styles. Moreover, the simplicity of these colors can feel iconic, making a statement without saying a word.
Beyond just color, the design also features subtle branding that some might overlook. The swoosh, placed strategically, adds a touch of flair while still keeping in tune with the skate aesthetic. The high-top silhouette provides a retro feel, reminiscent of basketball culture, yet is adapted for skateboarding. This blend of influences creates a timeless design that resonates well in the skate community.
Signature Features for Skaters
Nike's black and white hi tops come packed with signature features tailored specifically for skaters. One standout element is the padded collar. This small detail ensures that the ankles are cushioned, offering essential support during landings from tricks. Skaters have noted that this feature not only enhances comfort but helps prevent injuries, which is crucial for anyone serious about the sport.
Another notable aspect is the unique tread pattern on the sole. The specialized grip is designed to grip the skateboard deck, providing better traction during tricks and slides. This is a critical consideration for skaters who often find themselves in need of swift movement or quick stops.
Moreover, the lightweight construction means skaters won’t feel bogged down while performing, a significant advantage for those who prioritize speed and agility on their board. In summary, every detail, from the materials to the specific design features, contributes to making these hi tops a popular choice among skaters, bridging the gap between style and performance.
The Impact of High-Top Designs on Performance
High-top designs in skate shoes like the Nike black and white hi tops are more than just a fashion statement; they play a pivotal role in how skaters perform on their boards. This section delves into the integral features of high-top designs, emphasizing their influence on both performance and protection. We will look closely at how these shoes enhance mobility and support for skateboarding, critical factors for every skater, whether they're an amateur or a seasoned pro.
Ankle Support and Mobility
When navigating the complexities of skateboarding, ankle support is a game changer. High-top shoes provide the stability that skaters need while performing intricate tricks. The design wraps around the ankle, offering a snug fit that helps prevent injuries associated with ankle rolls, a common mishap in skating. A well-supported ankle minimizes the risk of strains, which is especially important when attempting high jumps or complex flips.
However, the trade-off is a matter of mobility. Skaters often need to pivot quickly, shifting weight from one foot to another. Some skaters express concerns that high tops can feel restrictive, hindering those sudden movements. It's a balancing act: choose a shoe that gives ample support while not sacrificing flexibility.
Many skaters find that brands like Nike have struck this balance effectively, integrating advanced materials like lightweight synthetic blends that allow for breathability while still delivering that essential ankle support.
Cultural Significance of Nike Hi Tops in the Skate Community
The Nike black and white hi tops have carved out a notable niche in the skate culture, serving as a fusion of style, performance, and a statement of identity. Their significance goes beyond mere footwear; they represent a connection between skateboarding's rebellious spirit and the broader cultural zeitgeist. Much like skaters themselves, these shoes embody a unique blend of artistic expression and practical functionality.
"Footwear can tell you a lot about a skater. It's not just about grip; it's about how they wanna be seen on the board and off."
Celebrity Endorsements and Influences
The influence of celebrities in maintaining and enhancing the cultural status of Nike hi tops is undeniable. Influencers, whether they skate or not, amplify the brand's visibility. Take, for instance, the likes of Paul Rodriguez and Eric Koston, both established skateboarders who have donned Nike's offerings, notably their hi tops. Their endorsements do not merely translate to a sales boost for the brand; they navigate through aspirational marketing, luring young skaters towards a lifestyle emblematic of success and creativity.
These endorsements often manifest in video parts, where signature moves are paired with signature shoes. For a young skater, seeing their idol perform a trick while wearing Nike hi tops can create a sense of aspiration and authenticity. It’s a way to bridge the gap between everyday practice and the glamor of professional skateboarding.
Additionally, the fashion choices of musicians and cultural icons have also further entrenched these shoes within mainstream consciousness. The Nike black and white hi tops have graced the feet of various artists, resonating deeply with a variety of subcultures, from hip-hop to punk. This cross-pollination illustrates that the shoes are more than just a performance choice — they’re a cultural artifact.
Integration into Skate Fashion
The aesthetics of Nike hi tops marry function with reputation. Their high top design offers ankle support while remaining a bold fashion choice within skate culture. Skaters often express their individuality through their choice of footwear, and these shoes offer a canvas for that expression. Paired with baggy jeans, oversized tees, or even a chic urban outfit, the versatility of these hi tops cannot be understated.
- Visual Appeal: The classic black and white colorway allows them to match a variety of outfits. The minimalist design complements flashy skate gear without overshadowing it, appealing to those who prefer a more refined look.
- Status Symbol: Wearing Nike hi tops can signify not only a commitment to skateboarding but also an alignment with a broader lifestyle brand that embodies prestige and quality.
- Community Endorsement: Many skate shops promote Nike hi tops as a staple for skaters, enabling integration within diverse communities, fostering a sense of belonging and identity among users.
The cultural placement of Nike hi tops within streetwear has solidified their status as not just skate shoes but as fashion statement pieces that convey individuality and style. When a skater opts for black and white hi tops, they're making a choice that reflects their taste and their devotion to the sport.
As skateboarding grows, the role of Nike hi tops will likely evolve, remaining a prevalent style while adapting to the ever-changing fashion landscape. Just as each skater brings a personal touch to their tricks, so too does every choice of footwear tell a part of their unique story.
Comparative Analysis: Nike Hi Tops vs. Other Skate Shoes
The importance of comparing Nike black and white hi tops with other skate shoes lies in understanding the unique advantages and features that these specific kicks bring to the table. While many shoes are designed for skating, not all can perform equally well under the challenges of the sport. This section delves into various elements, benefits, and considerations that illuminate the standing of Nike hi tops in the landscape of skate footwear.
Performance Metrics Compared to Competitors
When it comes to performance, Nike hi tops have carved a niche among skate shoes. The performance metrics are vital to skaters, as they directly affect both safety and skill execution. Here are some key areas of comparison:
- Grip and Traction: Nike employs innovative rubber compounds that enhance grip on the board. This ensures skaters can execute tricks and land them securely, a factor crucial for both beginners and professionals.
- Ankle Support: The high-top design offers ample support around the ankle, helping to prevent injuries. Other brands may provide mid-top options, but Nike’s structure tends to cradle the ankle more effectively.
- Cushioning: A blend of cushioning technologies, such as Zoom Air, leads to better shock absorption. This not only reduces the impact felt during tricks but also provides comfort for long skating sessions, understandable for those who spend hours on their boards.
"Choosing the right skate shoe can make all the difference—it's about performance, support, and style wrapped in one."
- Durability: In terms of materials, Nike often uses synthetic leathers and overlays that withstand the wear and tear associated with aggressive skating. Many competitors may skimp on these quality aspects, affecting longevity.
Each of these factors plays into the larger decision-making process for skaters when selecting their ideal footwear.
Stylistic Preferences Among Skaters
Beyond practicality, the stylistic aspects of footwear can influence a skater's choice significantly. This reflects personal identity within the skate culture. The Nike black and white hi tops hold a particular status that resonates well with various skaters.
- Classic Aesthetic: The black and white color scheme maintains a timeless quality. It's simple yet striking, allowing it to blend well with various styles, whether a skater prefers a street-savvy vibe or an edgier look.
- Brand Recognition: Nike's branding is widely recognized, and wearing their shoes can be considered a badge of honor within the skate community. The association with iconic athletes and endorsements amplifies this effect.
- Varied Pairing Options: These hi tops are versatile enough to be paired with different clothes, be it baggy cargo pants or slim-fit jeans. Such adaptability makes them more appealing to skaters who might want to showcase their personal style.
In contrast, some other brands, while focusing more on specific function, may not resonate as deeply on a fashion level. This speaks to how Nike has effectively blended performance with aesthetics, drawing in a diverse range of skaters.
In short, the comparative analysis not only sheds light on the mechanics of skate shoes but also reflects deeper cultural connections that underline the sneaker culture today.
User Reviews and Feedback on Nike Hi Tops
When it comes to choosing skate shoes, the voice of the user plays a pivotal role. Skateboarders are a discerning crowd, often sharing their thoughts and experiences about footwear in skate shops, forums, and social media. User reviews can give insights that no marketing brochure ever could. They reveal not just the performance but also how a shoe fits into the broader culture of skating.
Performance Experiences
Skaters often emphasize how the Nike black and white hi tops perform on the board. Reviews typically touch upon aspects like grip, board feel, and durability. For instance, many users have pointed out that the rubber outsole of these hi tops provides excellent traction. This is crucial when executing tricks or riding in varied conditions. One skater noted that even after multiple sessions, the grip felt as reliable as the first day they slipped them on.
"These shoes make me feel glued to my board. Even on a rainy day, I trust the grip!"
The feedback also centers on how these shoes handle wear and tear. A common accolade is their ability to endure scuffs and scrapes from grinds, which is critical in skating. Some users have even shared their experience that the shoes seem to 'mature' with use, becoming more comfortable over time while still retaining their core performance attributes.
Comfort and Fit
Comfort is key when you’re spending hours on your board. Skateboarding is demanding, and your feet shouldn't be fighting against your footwear. Users frequently highlight that the padding in the collar and tongue of the Nike hi tops offers a snug fit while preventing discomfort during long rides. Many have described the supportive nature of these shoes, stating that they feel cushioned without being bulky.
Another often remarked feature is the break-in period. Some skaters suggest that unlike other brands which can take ages to loosen up, these hi tops fit comfortably right out of the box. This matters a lot for someone wanting to get onto the board and not worrying about sore feet.
Additionally, several users have commented on the style of these hi tops—while performance is paramount, looking good has its place too. The classic black and white design complements a wide range of outfits, making them a versatile choice for skaters both on and off the board. In various online discussions, many users have mentioned how the aesthetic appeal of these shoes makes them a popular pick when heading out with friends.
In summary, user feedback highlights the Nike black and white hi tops as a robust option in the skate shoe market. They deliver on performance and comfort, bridging the gap between function and style in a way that resonates with the skateboarding community. For those looking for dependable footwear that withstands both the grind of the skater lifestyle and the test of time, these shoes come highly recommended.
For more detailed discussions, check out forums such as reddit.com/r/skateboarding or reviews on sites like facebook.com.
Future Trends in Skateboarding Footwear
The landscape of skateboarding footwear is not static; it’s a dynamic arena where innovation meets tradition, constantly evolving to match both the technical needs of skaters and the aesthetic demands of the fashion world. As Nike continues its legacy of blending style and function, understanding future trends becomes imperative not just for hardcore skaters, but for enthusiasts and fashion-forward individuals alike. Predictions and insights in this area are invaluable, as they help consumers anticipate what they’ll lace up next as well as push brands to innovate in ways that excite the skate community.
Innovations in Shoe Technology
Technology advances have already begun to change the game in skate footwear, and what we see in the next few years could redefine how skaters view their shoes. The integration of advanced materials like lightweight synthetics and performance-enhancing textiles can lead to better durability, breathability, and overall performance. We might see the emergence of shoes utilizing 3D printing to create custom fits unique to individual foot shapes, promoting comfort in a way never before seen in skate shoes.
Additionally, smart technologies could find their way into skate shoes, like sensors that track performance metrics such as jump heights and grind duration. Imagine Nike kicking it up a notch with their hi-tops, offering digital integration with mobile apps to analyze a skater's performance in real time. This can bridge the gap between fashion and stats, making the shoes a comprehensive tool for both expression and improvement on the board.
- Lightweight Materials: Less weight means more speed.
- Custom Fit: 3D printed shoes tailored for individual foot shapes.
- Performance Metrics: Smart technology providing feedback.
"As footwear technology progresses, skaters will not only look good but record and analyze their performance with precision, truly synthesizing sport with lifestyle."
These innovators are pushing boundaries and it wouldn’t be surprising to see brands backing these advancements in their advertising strategies, appealing to a new generation of skaters who value both performance and smart aesthetics.
Potential Design Evolutions
With the shift towards minimalism and streamlined aesthetics in urban fashion, future designs for Nike's black and white hi tops could lean more toward versatile looks that effortlessly transition from the skate park to daily life. Expect to see designs stripping down unnecessary bulk while emphasizing sleek silhouettes, but don’t count out feature-laden options for those who love their gear to carry an edge.
Moreover, there could be a rise in sustainable practices influencing skate shoe production. Brands might explore eco-friendly materials, aiming to hook the environmentally conscious consumer. Vintage-inspired designs are also likely to stick around, echoing the nostalgia of classic skate culture while incorporating modern materials for functionality.
- Minimalist Aesthetics: Sleeker, more versatile designs.
- Sustainable Materials: Eco-conscious production practices.
- Vintage Looks: A blend of nostalgia with modern performance.
As communities of skaters and enthusiasts grow increasingly diverse, designs that embrace cultural elements from different regions and backgrounds could emerge, positioning Nike's hi tops not just as footwear, but as a statement about identity and belonging.
Engaging with these trends and innovations will not only enhance the skateboarding experience but also set the stage for richer narratives that encompass art, expression, and culture in the skate community.
Finale: The Lasting Legacy of Nike Black and White Hi Tops
The Nike black and white hi tops have carved out a notable niche within the skate culture that transcends mere fashion or performance metrics. They hold a distinct position as icons—an interplay of style and functionality that appeals to both hardcore skaters and casual enthusiasts alike. As we reflect on their impact throughout this exploration, it's clear that their story intertwines with the evolution of skateboarding itself.
A Blend of Function and Fashion
For many skaters, the choice of footwear is not purely aesthetic. The black and white color palette of these hi tops offers versatility that allows them to blend seamlessly into various fashion styles, from the streetwear aesthetic to the more avant-garde expressions seen in skateboarding. Skaters know that choosing the right gear can significantly affect performance, and the high-top construction provides much-needed ankle support during tricks, jumps, and sudden landings.
Moreover, the cushioning technology incorporated in these shoes makes them suitable for prolonged use, whether one is at a competition or practicing tricks at the local skatepark. This combination ensures that these shoes aren’t just worn as a badge of honor but also serve a purpose beyond the surface level.
Cultural Relevance
Nike's adaptability and ability to stay relevant in the fast-paced world of skate culture speaks volumes about their understanding of their audience. Collaborations with influential figures in the skateboarding scene have further solidified the status of these hi tops. They have also surfaced in various media portrayals of the skating lifestyle—whether it be skater magazines, documentaries, or social media platforms like Instagram and Reddit, where enthusiasts showcase their latest tricks while sporting these iconic shoes.
"Nike has managed to craft a connection between athletic performance and urban fashion, creating products that resonate with a wide audience while catering to the nuanced needs of skaters."
A Legacy to Remember
Reflecting on the past, it's evident that the Nike black and white hi tops are more than just shoes; they are a symbol of the evolution of skateboard culture. From their inception to their status as must-have items for both functionality and fashion, these hi tops have demonstrated the ability to adapt and flourish. This adaptability ensures their place in not just the closets of skaters, but also within the broader cultural landscape.
As skateboarding continues to evolve and new trends emerge, the Nike black and white hi tops will likely remain a constant; a touchstone for what it means to marry form and function in a fast-paced, ever-changing environment. Skaters, designers, and trendsetters alike will keep their eye on these shoes, understanding that they represent a legacy built on innovation, authenticity, and style.
In summary, the lasting legacy of Nike black and white hi tops in skate culture is a testament to their significant role in shaping not only skateboarding footwear but also influencing the broader streetwear scene. Their narrative continues to inspire new generations, ensuring that they will always have a place in the hearts and wardrobes of skaters.
